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American History

Living Hell: New York’s Tenements were Nightmares in the Early 1900s

Men sit in dilapidated tenement room
Bayard Street Lodging House Men Sleep In Tenement Space Rented For Five Cents A Night. Jacob Riis, 1890. Public Domain.

Ten Irons on the Stove

Irons are stuck to an iron stove
Approximately 10 irons on the stove. New York City Tenement House Department (c. 1902 – 1914). New York Public Library, no known restrictions.

The context of this image has been lost, as there seem to be no other notation on the image other than “Approximately 10 irons on the stove.” But it would be unusual for a family to need that many irons.  The people living there may just have that many family members creating heaps of laundry.

More likely is that the tenants of this flat have taken in laundry to supplement their income.  Beyond the stove itself, the tenement is in rough shape, with ragged walls, broken wood, thin shelving, and exposed pipes.  There is little sign of anyone actually living in the space, but even if only used as a workspace, the conditions would be miserable and dreary, even just for working hours.

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