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American History

Living Hell: New York’s Tenements were Nightmares in the Early 1900s

Men sit in dilapidated tenement room
Bayard Street Lodging House Men Sleep In Tenement Space Rented For Five Cents A Night. Jacob Riis, 1890. Public Domain.

Jacob Riis Sparks Tenement Reform

Portrait of reformer Jacob Riis
Jacob Riis (1900). Public domain.

Riis’ work In 1890 shed light on these conditions, exposing them to a mass audience that otherwise would never see the reality of New York’s most impoverished residents.   Riis, himself an immigrant, lived in the desperate conditions he would later make famous.  Riis, a police reporter for The New York Tribune, covered impoverished areas, places riddled with crime, overcrowded areas full of people scraping money together by any possible means.

Riis taught himself photography to document the conditions of these neighborhoods, sharing them with a shocked public.  The resulting collection of photographs, How the Other Half Lives, exposed the worst, blighted slums.  It quickly became a bestseller and sparked nationwide interest in tenement and social reform.  The City, by order from President Roosevelt, closed the worst lodging houses.  And the city, again, tried tenement reform and stricter enforcement of tenement housing policies.

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