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American History

Living Hell: New York’s Tenements were Nightmares in the Early 1900s

Men sit in dilapidated tenement room
Bayard Street Lodging House Men Sleep In Tenement Space Rented For Five Cents A Night. Jacob Riis, 1890. Public Domain.

Tenement Workshops

Family works at dining table under lines of laundry
The Ceru Family Works From Their Tenement Home (1912). Library Of Congress, No Known Restrictions.

In this dingy flat at 143 Thompson Street, the Ceru family does piecework making artificial leaves.  They will sell these leaves back to a manufacturer for a purpose lost to time.  Perhaps the leaves were put in a hatband, or a decorative floral spray for someone’s living room. In tenement workshops, labor is a family affair; everyone is involved except the babies and small toddlers, and in the case of the Ceru family, their dog and cat.

Even the five-year-old Ceru girl helps.  The ten-year-old girl, suffering nearsightedness, works until 9pm.  She has glasses, but she doesn’t wear them at home.  She keeps them on a nearby shelf.  When asked about this odd arrangement, she explained to photographer Henry Wickes Hine, in his documentation of child labor, that she keeps them safe there “because Mother says I look funny with them.  Now I got to go out and shop.”   

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