19. Ottoman Empire: Centuries of Control
From 1517 to 1917, Ottoman rule spanned four centuries in Palestine, integrating the region into vast provincial networks. The Ottomans promoted religious diversity among Muslims, Christians, and Jews, and invested in urban renewal and development. Their governance left an enduring architectural legacy—mosques, markets, and city walls—that still shapes the landscape today. The Ottoman era provided relative stability, yet set the stage for modern transformations. Learn more at Turkish Cultural Foundation.
