25. Rwanda Civil War (1990-1994)
The Rwanda Civil War began as a struggle between the government and the rebel Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), fueled by deep-seated ethnic tensions. This conflict reached a horrific climax with the 1994 genocide, in which hundreds of thousands of Tutsi and moderate Hutu were systematically murdered. The aftermath devastated Rwanda and destabilized the broader Great Lakes region, triggering refugee crises and further conflicts. The war’s legacy continues to shape Rwanda’s national identity and the region’s quest for justice and reconciliation.
