16. Mozambican Civil War (1977-1992)
The Mozambican Civil War erupted soon after independence, as the ruling FRELIMO government clashed with the anti-communist RENAMO insurgency. Fueled by external support and regional rivalries, the war ravaged Mozambique’s people and infrastructure.
Widespread violence, famine, and displacement severely hindered the nation’s development. The conflict ended in 1992 with a fragile peace, but the legacy of destruction and social division continues to shape Mozambique’s journey toward stability and growth.
