20. Sri Lankan Civil War (1983-2009)
The Sri Lankan Civil War was a protracted and brutal conflict between the Sinhalese-majority government and the separatist Tamil Tigers (LTTE). Driven by deep-rooted ethnic grievances, the war left tens of thousands dead and displaced vast numbers, fueling waves of regional migration. The conflict’s end in 2009 reconfigured Sri Lanka’s society and politics, but unresolved tensions and human rights issues continue to challenge reconciliation and stability on the island and influence neighboring countries.
