1. Russian Civil War (1917-1923)
The Russian Civil War pitted the Bolshevik Red Army against a patchwork of anti-communist White factions, nationalists, and foreign interventionists. This fierce struggle not only determined Russia’s fate but also gave birth to the Soviet Union, a superpower that would shape global politics for decades. The Bolshevik victory inspired leftist movements and revolutions far beyond Russia’s borders, casting a long ideological shadow over the 20th century’s turbulent landscape.
