18. The Two Way Trade Between Germany and Japan

By the spring of 1944, both Japan and Germany were in dire straits. The Axis partners were on the defensive as Allied forces steadily advanced upon and steadily shrank their empires. Simultaneously, enemy aerial forces – and in Japan’s case naval forces as well – cut off their access to desperately needed materials and reduced their factories to rubble. The Japanese desperately needed advanced German technology and instruments, while the Germans were desperate for any exchange of information or materials with the Japanese. So a precarious two-way trade was conducted between the two countries, via the only practical means still left to them: via submarines.



