12. The Order of Saint James of Altopascio: Suppressed by the Papacy
The Order of Saint James of Altopascio, founded between 1070 and 1080 in Tuscany, Italy, was dedicated to assisting pilgrims and maintaining roads and bridges. In 1459, Pope Pius II issued the bull *Execrabilis*, suppressing the order and transferring its properties to the newly established Order of Our Lady of Bethlehem (en.wikipedia.org). Despite this, the order’s influence persisted; in 1587, Pope Sixtus V merged it with the Order of Saint Stephen at the request of the Grand Duke of Tuscany.
