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Warfare History

14 Historical Wounds That Continue to Shape China’s Foreign Policy

Darren December 18, 2025 7 min
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9. The Carving of Spheres of Influence

9. The Carving of Spheres of Influence
Foreign powers partition China into spheres of influence, fueling enduring concerns over sovereignty.

Throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, foreign powers like Britain, France, Russia, and Germany carved ‘spheres of influence’ within China, violating its territorial integrity. This legacy shapes China’s sensitivity to perceived encroachment today. For more information, refer to the Wikipedia article on Spheres of Influence (Wikipedia.org).

Written by
Darren

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