5. Vietnam
Vietnam’s 20th-century history was marked by profound upheaval. Under French colonial rule, the Vietnamese people faced exploitation and oppression. During World War II, Japan occupied Vietnam, leading to a devastating famine that resulted in the deaths of millions. Following Japan’s defeat, the First Indochina War (1946-1954) ensued, culminating in the Battle of Dien Bien Phu, which ended French colonial rule (apnews.com). The subsequent Vietnam War (1955-1975) led to the reunification of the country under communist control. Post-war, the government implemented re-education programs for former South Vietnamese officials and faced significant economic challenges.
