9. Rwanda
Rwanda’s 20th-century history was marked by profound upheavals. Under Belgian colonial rule, the Tutsi minority was favored, leading to deep-seated ethnic tensions with the Hutu majority (un.org). These divisions escalated into a civil war in 1990. In 1994, the assassination of President Habyarimana triggered the genocide against the Tutsi, resulting in the systematic killing of over one million people in just 100 days. The aftermath left enduring social and psychological scars, with survivors grappling with trauma and the nation striving for reconciliation and unity.
