9. Iran
Iran’s oil sector has been central to its tumultuous history, marked by nationalization efforts, foreign interventions, and economic sanctions. In 1951, Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh nationalized the oil industry, leading to a British-led embargo and his subsequent ousting in a 1953 coup. The 1979 revolution further disrupted oil production, with output dropping by 80% and only recovering to about 50% of its pre-revolution level. In contrast, Gulf states like Saudi Arabia have maintained more stable oil industries, benefiting from consistent production and revenues (brookings.edu).
