4. Libya
Libya’s oil-fueled economy disintegrated after the 2011 civil war, with rival factions vying for control of oil ports and revenues. The 2011 civil war severely impacted government revenue as oil production and exports were disrupted, leading to a significant decline in GDP. Tribal dynamics have played a unique role, with various groups asserting control over oil facilities to fund their operations. The international scramble for contracts has further complicated the situation, as foreign companies navigate the complex political landscape to secure access to Libya’s oil reserves (brookings.edu). These factors have contributed to a prolonged economic crisis and hindered efforts toward national reconciliation and stability.
