4. Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible) (Russia)
Ivan IV, known as Ivan the Terrible, reigned from 1533 to 1584, becoming the first Tsar of Russia in 1547. His rule was marked by brutal purges, paranoia, and immense wealth amassed at court. He built massive palaces and engaged in lavish ceremonies while devastating his nobility. Ivan’s excesses set precedents for future autocratic rulers in Russia (britannica.com).
