10. Sultan Ibrahim I (Ottoman Empire)
Sultan Ibrahim I, known as “Ibrahim the Mad,” ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1640 to 1648. His reign was marked by extreme indulgence and eccentricities, including filling his palace pool with perfume and amassing silken treasures. His unchecked extravagance led to economic strain and widespread discontent. In 1648, a Janissary uprising, supported by the ulema (religious notables), resulted in his deposition and execution. Ibrahim’s reign exemplifies the dangers of absolute power unchecked by responsible governance.
