3. Onerous Taxes and Dues
Serfs were burdened with various taxes and dues, including tithes to the Church, which amounted to 10% of their produce. (bbc.co.uk) Additionally, they were required to pay fees in the form of agricultural produce, such as wheat, and sometimes even chickens or geese, depending on the lord’s demands. These obligations significantly reduced their ability to support their own families, perpetuating a cycle of poverty.
