13. Battle of Vienna (1683)
The Battle of Vienna, fought on September 12, 1683, was a pivotal confrontation between the Ottoman Empire and a Christian coalition led by King John III Sobieski of Poland. The Ottomans had laid siege to Vienna, aiming to expand their influence into Central Europe. Sobieski’s forces, numbering approximately 65,000, launched a decisive attack, breaking the Ottoman siege and forcing a retreat. This victory marked a turning point, halting Ottoman expansion into Europe and leading to the eventual decline of their empire.
