5. The Collapse of the Qing Dynasty (1912)
The Qing Dynasty, China’s last imperial dynasty, ruled for nearly three centuries. Its downfall in 1912 was precipitated by a combination of internal rebellions, foreign interventions, and the pressures of rapid modernization. The dynasty’s inability to adapt to changing times led to widespread dissatisfaction, culminating in the 1911 Revolution and the establishment of the Republic of China.
