12. The Himalayan Kingdom of Sikkim (1975)
The Kingdom of Sikkim, nestled in the Himalayas, experienced significant political upheaval in 1975, leading to its annexation by India. Initially a British protectorate, Sikkim became an Indian protectorate in 1950, maintaining internal autonomy while India managed its defense and foreign affairs. Over time, internal discontent and political turmoil intensified, culminating in a referendum on April 14, 1975, where 97.55% of voters favored abolishing the monarchy and merging with India. Subsequently, on May 16, 1975, Sikkim was officially integrated as India’s 22nd state, ending centuries of independence (mapsofindia.com).
