1. Karma Catches Up With the Duke of Clarence
With the Kingmaker’s machinations, George’s brother Edward IV was deposed and forced to flee England in 1470. The once-deposed Lancastrian King Henry VI was restored to the throne. However, George began to mistrust his father-in-law, the Kingmaker, and switched his support back to his brother. Edward IV returned to England in 1471, defeated the Lancastrians in a battle in which the Kingmaker was killed, and was restored to the throne. To ensure that the twice-deposed Henry VI would trouble him no more, he had him murdered after he had already executed Henry’s son and sole heir. Edward pardoned his younger brother George and restored him to royal favor.
George could not keep his nose clean, however. In 1478, he once again betrayed his elder brother and was caught in a plot against the king. Finally fed up with his wayward sibling, Edward IV ordered George arrested and jailed in the Tower of London, and had him put on trial for treason. The king personally conducted the prosecution of his brother before Parliament. He secured a conviction and Bill of Attainder against George, who was condemned to death. On February 18th, 1478, karma finally caught up with George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence. He was executed by being dunked into a butt, or big barrel, of Malmsey wine, and forcibly held under its surface until he was drowned.
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Where Did We Find This Stuff? Some Sources and Further Reading
Armenian National Institute – Genocide Research
Ashdown-Hill, John – The Third Plantagenet: George, Duke of Clarence, Richard III’s Brother (2014)
Beatles Bible – KLUE Radio, Texas, is Struck by Lightning
Bogosian, Eric – Operation Nemesis: The Assassination Plot That Avenged the Armenian Genocide (2015)
SFA State University – Longview’s ‘Beatles Bonfire’ Turned Into a Shocking Event (September 2011)
Clements, Jonathan – The First Emperor of China (2006)
Cracked – 5 True Stories That Will Make You Believe in Karma
Crown Chronicles – History’s Strangest Deaths: The Duke of Clarence Drowned in a Barrel of Wine
Daily Beast – How A Sexist Prank Elected America’s First Female Mayor
Encyclopedia Britannica – Qin Shi Huang
Encyclopedia Iranica – Carrhae
Gloria Romanorum – Constantine’s Execution of Crispus and Fausta
Gonick, Larry – The Cartoon History of the Universe, Part II (1994)
Grant, Michael A. – Caligula: The Corruption of Power (1989)
Historia, Bd. 41, H. 4 (1992) – Flavia Maxima Fausta: Some Remarks
History Collection – The Life of American Con Man Soapy Smith
Kansas State Historical Society – Women’s Suffrage
Military History, May 2006 – Facing the Wrath of Khan
Morgan, David – The Mongols (1986)
New York Times, Times Topics – Armenian Genocide of 1915: An Overview
Plutarch – Parallel Lives: Life of Crassus
Ratchnevsky, Paul – Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy (1994)
Sima Qian – Records of the Grand Historian: The First Emperor
Suetonius – The Lives of the Twelve Caesars: Caligula
Ultimate Classic Rock – 50 Years Ago: âBeatles Bonfire’ Radio Station Struck by Lightning