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Middle Ages

The Most Powerful Female Rulers in History

powerful female rulers
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Amina Mohamud of Zazzau (reigned mid to late 1500s – 1610)

Ruins of city walls
Ruins of City Wall and Gate in Nigeria, Dipo Tayo, 2009.

Amina Mohamud of Zazzau ruled the territory of the Hausa people in the northwest territories of what is now Nigeria. She has become a legendary figure in the oral traditions of Nigeria given her reputation as a fierce warrior and skilled diplomat. As a child, her grandfather recognized her leadership potential and invited her to state meetings. She expanded Hausa territory through military conquest, a skill she developed training with the Zazzau cavalry.

In addition to her military prowess, she was also a skilled diplomat, opening trade routes that brought untold wealth and power to her land. She brought governmental administration to the Hausa society with her diplomatic and leadership skills and built walls around her cities, many of which still stand to proclaim her legacy.

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