3. Somalia (1991-present)
Following the 1991 collapse of Siad Barre’s regime, Somalia descended into prolonged statelessness, marked by clan warfare and the rise of piracy. The absence of a central government led to widespread insecurity and humanitarian crises. Efforts to establish stability have been hindered by political infighting, clan rivalries, and corruption. Despite international support, challenges persist, with Al-Shabaab remaining a significant threat and ongoing issues of displacement and food insecurity (cfr.org).
