7. The Boxer Rebellion (1899-1901)
The Boxer Rebellion erupted as a fierce backlash against growing foreign influence and missionary activity. Radical groups attacked foreigners and Chinese Christians, hoping to drive out external powers. In response, the Eight-Nation Alliance deployed troops, swiftly suppressing the uprising. China was forced to pay heavy indemnities and accept new humiliating concessions. The rebellion’s failure intensified the sense of national crisis, further fueling calls for reform and resistance.
