Albigensian Crusade (1209-1229)

Pope Innocent III declared war against Cathar heretics in southern France after his legate’s murder in 1208. Simon de Montfort led Catholic forces that sacked Béziers in 1209, massacring thousands. Crusaders showed no mercy, reportedly killing both Catholics and Cathars. The campaign successfully eliminated the Cathar faith from the region. It also conveniently annexed wealthy Languedoc lands to the French crown.



