3. The Battle of Sphacteria (425 BCE)
Following directly from Pylos, the Battle of Sphacteria saw Spartan hoplites—trapped and surrounded—forced into an unprecedented surrender to Athens. This event shocked the Greek world, contradicting the myth of Spartan invincibility and providing Athens with valuable prisoners. This defeat was one of the lowest points in Spartan military history. See Ancient.eu for more.



