2. The Battle of Pylos (425 BCE)
The Battle of Pylos, fought during the Peloponnesian War, resulted in a stunning defeat for Sparta at the hands of Athens. Hundreds of Spartan soldiers were captured—a rare humiliation for a society that prized never surrendering. The outcome damaged Sparta’s morale and military reputation, shifting the momentum of the war temporarily in Athens’ favor. Detailed summary from World History Encyclopedia.



