11. Somali Civil War
Since 1991, Somalia has lacked a stable central government. Clans, warlords, and extremist groups continue fighting for control, with periodic foreign interventions and ongoing humanitarian crises. The chaos shows little sign of abating. In January 2023, a deadly battle occurred in Galcad, Somalia, between government forces and the al-Qaida-linked extremist group al-Shabab. Both sides reported significant casualties, with the Somali government claiming over 100 al-Shabab fighters were killed and seven of its soldiers, including a member of the elite U.S.-trained Danab brigade, also lost (apnews.com). In January 2025, Somalia regained complete control over its national human rights mandate after more than three decades of external oversight, following a decision by the United Nations Human Rights Council. (somaliatoday.com)
