9. Nagorno-Karabakh
The Nagorno-Karabakh region, internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan, has been a focal point of conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan since the early 20th century (aljazeera.com). The dispute intensified in the 1980s, leading to a full-scale war in the 1990s, resulting in tens of thousands of deaths and displacements. Despite a ceasefire in 1994, sporadic clashes have continued, with significant escalations in 2020 and 2023. International mediation efforts have yet to yield a lasting resolution.
