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American History

Fashion Fights: The Straw Hat and Zoot Suit Riots

Fashion - Still from 1943's 'Stormy Weather', featuring Cab Calloway in a zoot suit
Still from 1943's 'Stormy Weather', featuring Cab Calloway in a zoot suit. Smithsonian Magazine

13. The Transformation of Fashion Policing Headgear from Heavy Handed Fun to Widespread Criminality

Fashion - A 1905 straw hat advertisement
A 1905 straw hat advertisement. Imgur

Nowadays, fashion rules are so slack that sweatpants and hoodies are sometimes acceptable boardroom attire. Not so in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, when fashion – especially headgear fashion – was serious business. The end of straw hat season was eventually extended to September 15th, which came to be known as “Felt Hat Day”. A tradition emerged that those who wore straw hats past the cutoff date were liable to have them snatched off their domes and destroyed by friends and acquaintances. It was all in good fun at first. Then it morphed into widespread crime, when strangers began to take the liberty of snatching straw hats off the heads of people with whom they were unacquainted. The results were violence, and eventually, widespread rioting. The rule that men should not wear straw hats after September 15th was enforced, sometimes violently, by the fashion police – or more accurately, the fashion mob.

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A lifelong history buff, I developed a particular passion for WW2 history as a child, when I spent hours listening to my grandfather, enraptured, as he recounted his wartime experiences in the British East African Campaign and with the British 8th Army in North Africa.

I graduated with a history BA from George Mason University, then went on to get a JD from the University of Virginia School of Law. After lawyering for a decade, I moved to sunny Rio de Janeiro and a less demanding career, opening a tourism agency in Copacabana.

A big chunk of my free time is spent blogging (you can follow me on Quora https://www.quora.com/profile/Khalid-Elhassan ) or freelance writing, mostly about my favorite subject, history.

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