Vienna Expulsion
Emperor Leopold I’s 1670 expulsion of Vienna’s Jews reflected the precarious position of even established communities. Yielding to pressure from religious and commercial competitors, he forced Jewish residents to leave the imperial capital. Fleeing families faced mob violence along escape routes. The prominent Jewish historian Nathan ben Moses Hannover numbered among those who died during this persecution. Though some Jews would later be readmitted, strict limitations on their numbers and activities persisted throughout Habsburg lands.
