15. Quarantine
The devastating impact of the Black Death in the 14th century prompted medieval cities, especially in Italy, to develop the first systematic quarantine policies. Ships and travelers suspected of carrying disease were isolated for forty days—a practice known as “quarantino.” This early form of disease control proved remarkably effective, saving countless lives. The concept of quarantine became a cornerstone of public health, influencing how societies manage epidemics and safeguard communities to this day.
