13. Distillation
During the Middle Ages, distillation techniques were significantly refined in both Islamic and European laboratories. Alchemists and physicians used improved stills to separate and purify liquids, leading to advances in medicine, chemistry, and the production of spirits. Distilled alcohol became an important ingredient in remedies and eventually evolved into beverages. These breakthroughs in distillation not only expanded scientific understanding but also had lasting influences on industries from pharmacology to winemaking.
