13. Muammar Gaddafi, Libya (2011)
In 2011, NATO, under strong U.S. leadership, intervened in Libya’s civil conflict to enforce United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973, which aimed to protect civilians from Muammar Gaddafi’s forces. The intervention began on March 19, 2011, with airstrikes targeting Gaddafi’s military assets. By October 31, 2011, NATO concluded its operations after Gaddafi’s death. The aftermath was marked by political instability, ongoing violence, and the emergence of armed militias, leading to a protracted period of chaos in Libya. (bbc.com)
