4. Emperor Qin Shi Huang of China
Emperor Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of a unified China, implemented a comprehensive network of informants and secret police to prevent rebellion and monitor regional lords. This system fostered a climate of fear and obedience, laying the foundation for China’s enduring surveillance state. The emperor’s paranoia and strict control over information significantly influenced the development of state surveillance practices in China (britannica.com).
