14. Franklin D. Roosevelt of the USA
During World War II, President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) on June 13, 1942, appointing General William “Wild Bill” Donovan as its head. The OSS was America’s first centralized intelligence agency, tasked with gathering and analyzing strategic information and conducting covert operations. Its activities included espionage, sabotage, and supporting resistance movements in occupied territories. After the war, the OSS was dissolved, and its functions were transferred to the newly created Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in 1947. For more details, you can refer to this article (cia.gov).
