11. Organizing Symbolic Acts of Defiance
Resistance movements in occupied countries organized symbolic acts of defiance to maintain patriotism and morale. In Norway, students wore paper clips on their lapels as a subtle protest against the German occupiers, symbolizing unity and resistance. Similarly, in Poland, the “minor sabotage” campaign included actions like tearing down German propaganda posters and painting anti-German graffiti, such as the Kotwica (Anchor) symbol, to assert national identity and defy the occupiers (en.wikipedia.org).
