11. Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871)
The Franco-Prussian War, fought between France and the North German Confederation led by Prussia from July 19, 1870, to May 10, 1871, was a pivotal conflict that reshaped European politics. The war’s origins were rooted in the candidacy of Prince Leopold of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen for the Spanish throne, which France opposed, leading to diplomatic tensions. On July 19, 1870, France declared war on Prussia, initiating the conflict. The war concluded with the Treaty of Frankfurt on May 10, 1871, resulting in the unification of Germany and the establishment of the German Empire (history.com).
