4. Battle of Waterloo (1815)
On June 18, 1815, Napoleon Bonaparte faced his final defeat at the Battle of Waterloo. Several factors contributed to this outcome, including tactical errors, communication failures, and unexpected rain that turned the battlefield into mud, hindering troop movements and artillery effectiveness. The resilience of the Allied forces, bolstered by timely Prussian reinforcements, ultimately sealed Napoleon’s fate. For a comprehensive analysis of the battle, visit the National Army Museum UK. (nam.ac.uk)
