9. The French Invasion of Vietnam (1858-1885)
The French invasion of Vietnam, initiated in 1858, aimed to establish colonial dominance in Southeast Asia. The campaign led to the annexation of Cochinchina in 1862, followed by the establishment of the French protectorates of Annam and Tonkin. This expansion resulted in significant social upheaval, as traditional Vietnamese society was disrupted by foreign rule. The prolonged resistance against French colonization laid the groundwork for future conflicts, including the First Indochina War and the Vietnam War. (britannica.com).
