10. Maintaining Colonial Rule
Colonial powers regularly intervened to maintain control over colonies, quelling uprisings and enforcing their authority from Africa to Asia. For example, during the French conquest of Algeria (1830-1847), French forces engaged in violent military operations aimed at repressing various tribal rebellions by the native Algerian population. Between 500,000 and 1 million Algerians were killed, out of an estimated population of 3 million. Similarly, the British in India established a colonial state that not only produced historical, linguistic, religious, and purportedly scientific accounts of the people of India but also founded organizations such as the Linguistic Survey of India and the Anthropological Survey of India, besides deploying such forms of institutionalizing knowledge as the ‘report of the committee of inquiry’ in their quest to know and govern India (history.ucla.edu).
