15 Bizarre World War Two Tactics That Failed To Change The Battlefield

World War II was a period marked by unprecedented innovation and desperation in military strategy. Nations across the globe devised unconventional tactics in an attempt to gain the upper hand. While many of these strategies were imaginative, they often ended in failure and, at times, tragedy. This article explores 15 of the most bizarre tactics employed during the conflict that ultimately failed to alter the course of the battlefield.

1. The Bat Bomb

The American bat bomb project aimed to attach tiny incendiary devices to bats and release them over Japanese cities. The plan hoped these bats would roost in wooden buildings, igniting fires. However, during testing, the bats escaped, incinerating a U.S. base instead. More on this can be found at Smithsonian Magazine.

2. Ice Aircraft Carriers (Project Habakkuk)

Project Habakkuk was a British initiative during World War II to construct massive aircraft carriers from pykrete—a composite material of ice and wood pulp—intended to withstand torpedo attacks. The plan envisioned these carriers operating in the mid-Atlantic to counter German U-boats. However, technical difficulties, resource strains, and impracticality led to the project’s abandonment. Detailed insights into this project are available at the Imperial War Museums.

3. Soviet Anti-Tank Dogs

The Soviet Union trained dogs to carry explosives under German tanks, intending for them to detonate upon contact. However, the dogs often returned to their handlers or targeted Soviet vehicles, rendering the tactic both tragic and ineffective. More on this topic at History.com.

4. The Great Panjandrum

The British designed the Great Panjandrum: two massive, rocket-propelled wheels packed with explosives. Meant to breach enemy defenses, the weapon was uncontrollable during tests, posing more danger to its operators than the enemy. Details are available on the Royal Navy website.

5. Japanese Balloon Bombs

During World War II, Japan launched over 9,000 hydrogen-filled balloon bombs, known as “Fu-Go,” across the Pacific, aiming to reach North America. These balloons carried incendiary devices intended to start forest fires and cause panic. While some reached the U.S., their impact was minimal, and they failed to alter the war’s course. The only fatalities occurred on May 5, 1945, near Bly, Oregon, when six civilians were killed by one of the bombs. More details are available at National Geographic.

6. Exploding Rats

The British Special Operations Executive (SOE) developed a clandestine weapon during World War II known as the “exploding rat.” This involved filling dead rats with plastic explosives and placing them near German boiler rooms. The plan was that German workers would dispose of the rats by throwing them into the furnace, triggering an explosion. However, the first shipment was intercepted by the Germans, who exhibited the rats at military schools and conducted searches for more, leading the SOE to conclude that the operation was a success due to the disruption it caused. More details are available at the Imperial War Museums.

7. Windkanone (Wind Cannon)

Germany’s ‘Windkanone’ was an experimental anti-aircraft weapon developed during World War II. Designed to emit powerful blasts of compressed air to destabilize enemy aircraft, the cannon utilized a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen ignited within a long, bent barrel. Despite its innovative concept, the weapon proved ineffective in both range and power, failing to achieve the desired impact on Allied bombers. More on this bizarre weapon at Weapons and Warfare.

8. Sticky Bombs

The British developed the “Sticky Bomb” (Grenade, Hand, Anti-Tank No. 74) during World War II as a means to disable enemy tanks. This device featured a glass sphere filled with explosive material, coated in a strong adhesive, and encased in a metal shell with a handle. Upon activation, the user would throw or press the bomb against a tank, breaking the glass and adhering the explosive to the target. However, the design had significant flaws: the adhesive often stuck to the user’s clothing instead of the intended target, leading to accidental injuries. Additionally, the bomb’s effectiveness was compromised when tanks were covered in mud or dust, preventing adhesion. Despite these issues, approximately 2.5 million Sticky Bombs were produced between 1940 and 1943. More information is available at the Imperial War Museums.

9. The Pigeon-Guided Bomb

During World War II, American behaviorist B.F. Skinner proposed an innovative method for guiding bombs to their targets: using trained pigeons. The concept involved placing pigeons inside the nose cone of a bomb, where they would peck at a screen displaying the target image. Their pecking would steer the bomb toward the target. Despite successful demonstrations, the project was deemed too unconventional and was eventually abandoned. More details are available at Smithsonian Magazine.

10. Panzerfaust-Faustpatrone Overstuffs

Germany’s obsession with ‘overwhelming firepower’ led to experiments bundling multiple anti-tank rocket projectiles together, known as “Overstuffs.” These configurations proved unwieldy and unpredictable, delivering little real benefit. Coverage on WWII German innovations can be found at Military Factory.

11. The Bouncing Bomb

Developed by British engineer Barnes Wallis, the “bouncing bomb” was designed to skip across water and breach German dams during World War II. The weapon, codenamed “Upkeep,” was a 9,250-pound cylindrical mine intended to be dropped from a height of 60 feet, spinning backward to bounce over torpedo nets and detonate upon reaching the dam wall. The most notable use of this bomb was during the Dambusters Raid on the night of 16-17 May 1943, where it successfully breached the Möhne and Edersee dams, causing significant flooding in the Ruhr Valley. Despite its initial success, the bouncing bomb faced challenges in consistent deployment and effectiveness, leading to limited use in subsequent operations. For more detailed information, refer to the RAF Museum.

12. Japanese Kamikaze Torpedoes (Kaiten)

The Japanese Imperial Navy developed the Kaiten, a manned suicide torpedo, during World War II. Piloted by sailors, these torpedoes were intended to deliver explosive payloads directly into Allied ships. Despite their devastating potential, technical issues and enhanced Allied defenses limited their effectiveness. While a few attacks resulted in damage, the overall impact was minimal, rendering the tactic both brutal and ineffective. More information is available at the National WWII Museum.

13. British Pipe Guns (PIAT)

The British Projector, Infantry, Anti-Tank (PIAT) was a man-portable anti-tank weapon developed during World War II. Designed in 1942, it entered service in 1943, replacing the less effective Boys anti-tank rifle. The PIAT utilized a spigot mortar system, launching a 2.5-pound shaped charge bomb using a powerful spring mechanism. It had an effective range of approximately 115 yards in direct fire and 350 yards in indirect fire. Despite its increased penetration power over previous anti-tank rifles, the PIAT had significant drawbacks: a powerful recoil, difficulty in cocking the weapon, and early problems with ammunition reliability. These factors made it cumbersome and less popular compared to other anti-tank solutions. More information is available at the National Army Museum.

14. Tree Trunk Tanks (Land Mattress)

During World War II, Allied forces occasionally camouflaged tanks and rocket launchers by draping them with logs to surprise the enemy. However, these makeshift disguises were often quickly spotted or proved tactically useless, offering little more than momentary confusion. For more information on this and other camouflage techniques, see War History Online.

15. The HNLMS Abraham Crijnssen (Floating Forest Ship)

The Dutch minesweeper HNLMS Abraham Crijnssen employed a remarkable camouflage strategy during World War II. To evade Japanese detection, the crew covered the ship with jungle foliage, creating the illusion of a small tropical island. This deception allowed the vessel to navigate through enemy-controlled waters undetected, ultimately reaching safety in Australia. While innovative, the tactic compromised the ship’s maneuverability and performance, serving more as a testament to ingenuity than tactical success. More details are available at the Naval History and Heritage Command.

A Look Back at Unconventional Warfare

Throughout history, the ingenuity and desperation of humanity have led to the development of unconventional military tactics. The examples discussed highlight the thin line between brilliance and absurdity in warfare, illustrating how creativity can both inspire and misfire. These instances underscore the complex legacy of innovation, risk, and the often unpredictable outcomes of conflict.