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American History

Victorian Spirit Photography is More than Bad Photoshop

Two spirit photographs showing people sitting for portraits and spirits standing beside them.
Spirit photography, Preus Museum (c. 1900). Public domain.
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Seances Exposed!

Woman with rope-like 'ectoplasm' attached to a doll dressed as a ghost
Medium Helen Duncan taken by Harvey Metcalfe during seance at Duncan’s home (1928). Public domain.

The pinnacle of any séance is the moment a medium contacts a spirit and presents the spirit to the audience. Mediums had their preferred personal ‘trick’ of choice to convince the audience they were communicating with the spirit world. Some of them used spirit writing, where the medium held a pencil and let the spirit guide.

Spirits could also make noises, knocking once for “yes,” twice for “no,” or whatever method the medium proposed And some mediums took pride in their ability to make the spirits materialize. But flash photography quickly exposed these ‘spirits’ as living people dressed in gauzy garb, or a dummy dressed as a ghost hooked up to a rig. Neither of which was very convincing in the light of a camera flash.

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