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American History

Victorian Spirit Photography is More than Bad Photoshop

Two spirit photographs showing people sitting for portraits and spirits standing beside them.
Spirit photography, Preus Museum (c. 1900). Public domain.

Mumler Expands his Market

Spirit photograph of transparent woman standing next to table. A framed photograph sits on the table.
A Mumler photograph with just a picture of the living person. Public domain.

Mumler became so skilled at capturing the spirits, he developed a mail-in service to increase his market. He commissioned a regular advertisement in the Banner of Light, a spiritualist newspaper printed from 1857 to 1907. Under the banner, “Spirit Photographs by W.H. Mumler,” he offered to provide “Information how to proceed by those desiring a picture, without being present, and a beautiful specimen sent to any part of the world.”

Clients would send a picture of themselves to Mumler. Mumler would then set the picture on a decorative display stand and photograph the photo. When he developed the image, spirits appeared in the photograph, remarkable proof of an afterlife, even when the spirit wasn’t specifically a loved one. While the spirit may not be specifically of a loved one, again, it was proof in the afterlife, and comfort in the wake of grief.

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