1. The World Dodges a Bullet
If JFK had accepted the Pentagon’s advice and invaded Cuba, the results could have been horrific. It is not difficult to envision a desperate local Soviet commander in such a scenario, perhaps cutoff from communications with higher authority, resorting to the tactical nukes at hand to save his command, or at least ensure that its demise did not come cheap. The Red Army, with victory in WWII only 17 years in its past, did not lack military pride or an ethos of defiance unto death.
If the Soviets had used nukes in Cuba, the US intended an overwhelming nuclear response. Things could easily have escalated from there to a full blown nuclear exchange that would have devastated both countries and Europe, irradiated the Northern Hemisphere, and set humanity back centuries. Fortunately, JFK resisted the pressure from his generals and admirals, and relying on diplomacy, back channels, and blockade, successfully diffused the crisis without triggering WWIII.
_________________
Where Did We Find This Stuff? Some Sources and Further Reading
Automatic Ballpoint – Operation Tannenbaum
Battles of the Ancients – How Close Was Alexander the Great to Conquering Southern Italy?
Bentley, Matthew A. – Spaceplanes: From Airport to Spaceport (2009)
Blair, Clay Jr. – Hitler’s U-Boat War: The Hunters, 1939-1942 (1996)
Blair, Clay Jr. – Hitler’s U-Boat War: The Hunted, 1942-1945 (1998)
Imperial War Museum – The Operation Hush
Keegan, John – Intelligence in War: Knowledge of the Enemy From Napoleon to Al-Qaeda (2003)
Manchester, William – American Caesar: Douglas MacArthur, 1880-1964 (1978)
Miller, David – U-Boats (2000)
National Archives, UK – Operation Unthinkable
Plutarch – Parallel Lives: Caesar
Summers, Harry G. – On Strategy: A Critical Analysis of the Vietnam War (1995)
U-Boat Aces – Rocket U-Boat Program
Wikipedia – Napoleon’s Planned Invasion of the United Kingdom
Wikipedia – Operation Tannenbaum