12. Residential Schools Produced Graduates Who Were Neither Indigenous, Nor White

Perhaps the final tragic twist in a tale already full of the tragic is that the end result of the Indigenous kids’ education was often adults who were unable to fit back into their original communities. After years of speaking only English or French in boarding schools, many had forgotten their Indigenous languages by the time they graduated, and were no longer able to communicate with their relatives. However, they were still Indigenous. Despite the Residential School System’s professed assimilationist intent, the graduates were denied assimilation because of the racist and exclusionary attitudes of mainstream white Canadian society.



