4. Royal Navy Humiliation

The Dutch launched a surprise attack that caught England’s Royal Navy off guard on June 9th, 1667. A Dutch fleet brazenly sailed up the Medway River in Kent to attack English warships anchored in dockyards at Gillingham and Chatham. The raid took place in the Second Anglo-Dutch War (1665-1667), and resulted in one of the most lopsided victories in Dutch history – and one of the most lopsided defeats in British naval history. From the start of the Second Anglo-Dutch War in 1665, things had gone bad for the English. First, they suffered the Great Plague of 1665 – 1666, then the Great Fire of London in 1666. By 1667, King Charles II of England realized that he had screwed up by getting his kingdom into a war it was unprepared for.
Charles was broke, unable to pay his sailors, and desperately wanted peace. However, the Dutch were sore about an earlier loss in the First Anglo-Dutch War, and wanted to even the score. They sought to inflict a humiliating and lopsided defeat on the English, not only as payback, but also to enable them negotiate from a strong position that would allow them to impose punitive peace terms. So a Dutch fleet, commanded by Admiral Michiel de Ruyter, entered the Thames estuary. It captured Sheerness at the mouth of the Medway, then sailed up that river. That was bad for the English. As seen below, things got worse for them soon enough.



