9. The Bonaparte Brothers Seize Control of France

As Napoleon continued his rise, Joseph Bonaparte served the French Republic as a legislator in its lower house, the Council of Five Hundred, in the upper house, the Council of Ancients, and as diplomat. In the latter role, Joseph represented France as ambassador in Rome, and also as a minister plenipotentiary who negotiated a treaty of friendship and commerce with the United States. When Napoleon overthrew the government, he was fortunate to have two brothers as prominent members of the French legislature. While older brother Joseph served in the Council of Ancients, equivalent to the US Senate, younger brother Lucien served as President of the Council of Five Hundred – equivalent to US Speaker of the House. The Bonaparte brothers were thus well positioned to help Napoleon seize power on November 9th, 1799, otherwise known as the Coup of 18 Brumaire, after its date on the French Revolutionary Calendar.



