15. The Fall of Constantinople and the Betrayal Within
The Fall of Constantinople in 1453 marked the end of the Byzantine Empire. Emperor Constantine XI Palaeologus, the last Byzantine emperor, led the defense against the Ottoman siege. Despite his efforts, the city fell on May 29, 1453. The Ottomans breached the city’s formidable walls, leading to the capture and eventual destruction of Constantinople (britannica.com).
